Mu myaka ya vuba, ubwiyongere bw'ikoranabuhanga muri Burundi bwarazanye impinduka nyinshi mu buzima bwacu bwa buri munsi, haba mu bucuruzi, mu gutumatumanako, no mu bijanye n'amafaranga. Imwe muri izo mpinduka ni ugukwirakwira kw'inguzanyo za digitali, zitangwa binyuze ku mapurogalamu y'inguzanyo canke ku bijanye n'amafaranga akoreshwa kuri terefone. Naho iri soko rikiri rishasha, ririko riratera imbere cane, rihwanijwe n'ubwiyongere bw'abafise terefone zigezweho mu gihugu, bivugwa ko bishikana ku kigero c'abashika ku miriyoni 22% mu mwaka wa 2024.
Iyi nkuru irashira ahabona neza isoko ry'inguzanyo za digitali muri Burundi, ikamenyesha abatanga izo serivisi bakomeye, ingene inyungu zihagaze, amafaranga atangwa, hamwe n'igihe co kwishura. Turibanda kandi ku mategeko agenga ibi bikorwa, uburinzi bw'abaguzi, ikoranabuhanga ryifashishwa, n'inama z'ingirakamaro ku muntu wese yipfuza gufata inguzanyo binyuze kuri izi serivisi.
Isoko ry'Inguzanyo za Digital muri Burundi
Isoko ry'amafaranga mu Burundi riraciganwa na za banki, kuko ama banki 14 hamwe n'ikigo kimwe ca leta gishinzwe amafaranga arafise igice kinini c'ibikorwa vy'amafaranga (82%). Ibigo vy'inguzanyo ntoya (MFIs) bishikana kuri 12.1%, mu gihe ibigo bishinzwe kwakira no gutanga amafaranga (PIs) bishikana kuri 4.5%. Inguzanyo za digitali zitangwa muri ubu buryo:
- Amapurogalamu ya banki kuri terefone/USSD: Amapurogalamu y'amafaranga ya digitali y'ama banki ubu arashiramwo uburyo bwo gutanga inguzanyo ntoya, hamwe n'uburyo bwo kwemeza umwirondoro (KYC) bwa digitali.
- Amapurogalamu y'inguzanyo ntoya: Ibigo vy'inguzanyo ntoya vyo mu rwego rwa kabiri birakoresha amapurogalamu na USSD mu gutanga inguzanyo.
- Serivisi zitangwa n'amasosiyete y'itumanaho: Amapago-wallets (nk'akarorero, Ecocash) arimo araraba uburyo bwo gutanga inguzanyo.
Imibare ngenderwako ikomeye (kuva muri Nzeri 2025)
- Urungero rw'inguzanyo zitishuwe: 2.7% (mu mpera z'umwaka wa 2022).
- Amafaranga make yo gutangiza ibikorwa yongerejwe agashika ku mafaranga y'amarundi imiriyoni 50 ku ma banki (azogenda yongerwa gushika mu 2029) n'imiriyoni 30 ku bigo vy'inguzanyo ntoya (mu mpera z'umwaka wa 2023).
- Ubwishingizi bw'amafaranga abikijwe: Burakingira 100% gushika ku mafaranga y'amarundi imiriyoni 3 kuri buri muntu abikije, buterwa inkunga n'ikiguzi c'0.2%.
Abatanga Inguzanyo za Digital Bakomeye muri Burundi
Naho hataza haragira ibigo vyo gutanga inguzanyo za digitali vyabaye binini cane, inguzanyo nyinshi zitangwa binyuze kuri serivisi za banki kuri terefone hamwe n'amapurogalamu y'inguzanyo ntoya akoresha USSD. Amafaranga y'inguzanyo aratangwa hagati y'amafaranga y'amarundi 10,000 na 1,000,000. Urungero rw'inyungu ku mwaka (APR) ruvugwa ko ruri hagati ya 24% na 60% (bitaremezwa neza).
Amapurogalamu n'Ibigo bitanga inguzanyo za Digital bitavuzwe neza, Nzeri 2025:
Aha hepfo hari urutonde rw'ibigo bitanga inguzanyo za digitali bikomeye muri Burundi, hamwe n'ibindi bitangira gutanga serivisi zimeze gutyo:
- Pesaflash (Finbank): Ikoresha USSD na App (Android/iOS). Amafaranga y'inguzanyo kuva ku mafaranga y'amarundi 10,000 gushika 500,000. APR: 36-48% (bitaremezwa neza). Igihe co kwishura: imisi 30. Ikiguzi c'ibikorwa: 1%.
- CRDB iBank (CRDB Bank): App (Android/iOS). Amafaranga y'inguzanyo kuva ku mafaranga y'amarundi 25,000 gushika 1,000,000. APR: 24-54% (bitaremezwa neza). Igihe co kwishura: imisi 15-90. Ikiguzi c'ibikorwa: 0.5-1.5%.
- CRDB SimBanking (CRDB Bank): App (Android). Amafaranga y'inguzanyo kuva ku mafaranga y'amarundi 20,000 gushika 800,000. APR: 24-60% (bitaremezwa neza). Igihe co kwishura: imisi 30. Ikiguzi c'USSD: amafaranga y'amarundi 100.
- LumiPAY (Lumitel): App (Android). Amafaranga y'inguzanyo kuva ku mafaranga y'amarundi 5,000 gushika 200,000. APR: 48-72% (bitaremezwa neza). Igihe co kwishura: imisi 14-30. Ikiguzi: 2%.
- KCB Mobi Banking (KCB Group): App (Android). Amafaranga y'inguzanyo kuva ku mafaranga y'amarundi 50,000 gushika 1,000,000. APR: 30-50% (bitaremezwa neza). Igihe co kwishura: imisi 3-90. Ikiguzi c'ibikorwa: 1%.
- MyBCB (Banque Crédit Bujumbura): App (iOS). Amafaranga y'inguzanyo kuva ku mafaranga y'amarundi 20,000 gushika 300,000. APR: 36-48% (bitaremezwa neza). Igihe co kwishura: imisi 30 (rolling). Ikiguzi c'ibikorwa: 1%.
- ÉcoCash (Econet Leo): USSD na App (Android, bitaremezwa neza). Amafaranga y'inguzanyo kuva ku mafaranga y'amarundi 5,000 gushika 100,000. APR: 60-72% (bitaremezwa neza). Igihe co kwishura: imisi 7-14. Ikiguzi: 2%.
- Lumicash Pay (Lumitel): App (Android, bitaremezwa neza). Imeze nka LumiPAY.
- BGF Mobile (Banque de Gestion Financement): App (Android, bitaremezwa neza).
- BCECO Mobile (Banque de Crédit de l'Epargne pour la Coopération): App (Android, bitaremezwa neza).
Urutonde rugereranya
| Aplika | APR (iyagereranijwe) | Amafaranga yo hejuru (BIF) | Uburyo bwo gutanga | Igihe co kwishura (imisi) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pesaflash | 36-48% | 500,000 | USSD | 30 |
| CRDB iBank | 24-54% | 1,000,000 | Kontu ya banki | 15-90 |
| CRDB SimBanking | 24-60% | 800,000 | Kontu ya banki | 30 |
| LumiPAY | 48-72% | 200,000 | Mobile wallet | 14-30 |
| KCB Mobi | 30-50% | 1,000,000 | Kontu ya banki | 3-90 |
| MyBCB | 36-48% | 300,000 | Kontu ya banki | 30 |
| ÉcoCash | 60-72% | 100,000 | Mobile wallet | 7-14 |
Imibare yose y'amafaranga y'inguzanyo n'inyungu (APR) yashizwe ku rutonde irerekana ibigereranyo biva ku makuru y'isoko ataremezwa neza. Bibaye ngombwa, birasabwa kwihweza neza n'abatanga izo serivisi.
Amategeko Agenga Inguzanyo za Digital n'Uburinzi bw'Abaguzi
Banki Nkuru y'Uburundi (BRB) iriko irashira ingufu mu kugenga neza isoko ry'inguzanyo za digitali. Mu mwaka wa 2023, BRB yarashizeho ikigo gishinzwe uburyo bwo kwakira no gutanga amafaranga (Directorate of Payment Systems) kugira gigenzure ibigo bishinzwe kwakira no gutanga amafaranga (PIs). Mu mpera z'umwaka wa 2023, harasohotse ikiganiro congera amafaranga yo gutangiza ibikorwa ku ma banki no ku bigo vy'inguzanyo ntoya. Ubu BRB iriko irategura amabwirizwa ajanye n'inguzanyo za digitali, hamwe no gukurikiza IFRS 9 mu bijanye n'inguzanyo.
Ingorane abaguzi bahura nazo
Abafata inguzanyo za digitali muri Burundi bahura n'ingorane zitari nke:
- Inyungu nyinshi: Inyungu zikunda kuba nyinshi cane, kenshi zirenga 48%, bigatuma umwenda wiyongera vuba.
- Igihe gito co kwishura: Igihe co kwishura kiba gito cane (imisi 7-30), bituma abantu bashobora kugwa mu mutego wo kongera umwenda.
- Uburinzi bw'amabanga bw'amabanga bw'amakuru: Amategeko agenga uburinzi bw'amakuru y'abantu mu bigo bishinzwe kwakira no gutanga amafaranga akiri mashasha; hari ingorane ko amakuru akoreshwa nabi.
- Uburyo buke bwo kuregera: Uburyo bwo gukurikirana ibirego canke ingorane z'abaguzi buracashobora kuvugururwa.
- Kugira imyenda myinshi: Abantu bashobora gufata inguzanyo nyinshi mu ma banki no mu bigo vy'inguzanyo ntoya mu gihe kimwe, bikabashira mu kaga ko kugira imyenda myinshi.
Inama z'Ingirakamaro ku Baguzi
Kugira ngo wirinde ingorane, ni ngombwa kugira ubwitonzi mu gufata inguzanyo za digitali. Aha hari inama z'ingirakamaro:
- Gegeranya inyungu (APR) n'ibiguzi: Imbere yo gufata inguzanyo, gereranya neza urugero rw'inyungu hamwe n'ibiguzi vyose, kuko n'utuntu duke tw'inyungu dushobora guhindura ikiguzi cose c'inguzanyo.
- Hitamwo amapurogalamu y'ama banki: Igihe bishoboka, fata inguzanyo ku mapurogalamu y'ama banki (nk'akarorero, CRDB iBank). Akunda kugira inyungu ntoya kandi akagira uburyo bwo gukurikirana ingorane z'abakiriya.
- Fata gusa ivyo ushobora kwishura: Fata gusa amafaranga ushobora kwishura mu gihe gito gisabwa kugira wirinde kwishura inyungu zongewe canke kugwa mu mwenda mwinshi.
- Andika ibiganiro vyose: Fata amafoto canke uze ushingure neza amakuru y'igihe co kwishurira n'impapuro zemeza kwishura kugira uzobifashishe mu gihe habaye ingorane.
- Genzura neza amafaranga yawe: Koresha uburyo bwo kugenzura amafaranga yawe buri mu mapurogalamu (nk'akarorero, muri CRDB iBank) kugira uze urazi ivyo wakoresheje n'ivyo utarakoresha, birinde kugira umwenda mwinshi.
Isoko ry'inguzanyo za digitali muri Burundi ririko rirakura vyoroshe, rikaba rifise ubushobozi bwo gufasha abantu benshi kubona amafaranga mu buryo bworoshe. Ariko rero, ni ngombwa ko abaguzi bagira ubumenyi n'ubwitonzi mu gukoresha izi serivisi kugira ngo birinde ingorane zishobora kuvuka.
